diff --git a/adapter/outbound/ssh.go b/adapter/outbound/ssh.go
index 861999ed6..3b9151474 100644
--- a/adapter/outbound/ssh.go
+++ b/adapter/outbound/ssh.go
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func NewSsh(option SshOption) (*Ssh, error) {
 		} else {
 			path := C.Path.Resolve(option.PrivateKey)
 			if !C.Path.IsSafePath(path) {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("path is not subpath of home directory: %s", path)
+				return nil, C.Path.ErrNotSafePath(path)
 			}
 			b, err = os.ReadFile(path)
 			if err != nil {
diff --git a/adapter/provider/parser.go b/adapter/provider/parser.go
index 2eaa2a3e9..6907fc69b 100644
--- a/adapter/provider/parser.go
+++ b/adapter/provider/parser.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 
 var (
 	errVehicleType = errors.New("unsupport vehicle type")
-	errSubPath     = errors.New("path is not subpath of home directory")
 )
 
 type healthCheckSchema struct {
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ func ParseProxyProvider(name string, mapping map[string]any) (types.ProxyProvide
 		if schema.Path != "" {
 			path = C.Path.Resolve(schema.Path)
 			if !C.Path.IsSafePath(path) {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errSubPath, path)
+				return nil, C.Path.ErrNotSafePath(path)
 			}
 		}
 		vehicle = resource.NewHTTPVehicle(schema.URL, path, schema.Proxy, schema.Header, resource.DefaultHttpTimeout, schema.SizeLimit)
diff --git a/component/ca/config.go b/component/ca/config.go
index 4b37f7624..f4d3ae751 100644
--- a/component/ca/config.go
+++ b/component/ca/config.go
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func GetCertPool(customCA string, customCAString string) (*x509.CertPool, error)
 	if len(customCA) > 0 {
 		path := C.Path.Resolve(customCA)
 		if !C.Path.IsSafePath(path) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("path is not subpath of home directory: %s", path)
+			return nil, C.Path.ErrNotSafePath(path)
 		}
 		certificate, err = os.ReadFile(path)
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/component/ca/keypair.go b/component/ca/keypair.go
index 51555f6e3..7fa6c21fe 100644
--- a/component/ca/keypair.go
+++ b/component/ca/keypair.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 type Path interface {
 	Resolve(path string) string
 	IsSafePath(path string) bool
+	ErrNotSafePath(path string) error
 }
 
 // LoadTLSKeyPair loads a TLS key pair from the provided certificate and private key data or file paths, supporting fallback resolution.
@@ -42,10 +43,12 @@ func LoadTLSKeyPair(certificate, privateKey string, path Path) (tls.Certificate,
 	certificate = path.Resolve(certificate)
 	privateKey = path.Resolve(privateKey)
 	var loadErr error
-	if path.IsSafePath(certificate) && path.IsSafePath(privateKey) {
-		cert, loadErr = tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certificate, privateKey)
+	if !path.IsSafePath(certificate) {
+		loadErr = path.ErrNotSafePath(certificate)
+	} else if !path.IsSafePath(privateKey) {
+		loadErr = path.ErrNotSafePath(privateKey)
 	} else {
-		loadErr = fmt.Errorf("path is not subpath of home directory")
+		cert, loadErr = tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certificate, privateKey)
 	}
 	if loadErr != nil {
 		return tls.Certificate{}, fmt.Errorf("parse certificate failed, maybe format error:%s, or path error: %s", painTextErr.Error(), loadErr.Error())
diff --git a/config/config.go b/config/config.go
index f6b193d45..56b2aa7bc 100644
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ func parseGeneral(cfg *RawConfig) (*General, error) {
 
 func parseController(cfg *RawConfig) (*Controller, error) {
 	if path := cfg.ExternalUI; path != "" && !C.Path.IsSafePath(path) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("path is not subpath of home directory: %s", path)
+		return nil, C.Path.ErrNotSafePath(path)
 	}
 	return &Controller{
 		ExternalController:     cfg.ExternalController,
diff --git a/constant/path.go b/constant/path.go
index 909e18f61..a7f180b5c 100644
--- a/constant/path.go
+++ b/constant/path.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package constant
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	P "path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -87,10 +88,8 @@ func (p *path) IsSafePath(path string) bool {
 	if p.allowUnsafePath || features.CMFA {
 		return true
 	}
-	homedir := p.HomeDir()
 	path = p.Resolve(path)
-	safePaths := append([]string{homedir}, p.safePaths...) // add homedir to safePaths
-	for _, safePath := range safePaths {
+	for _, safePath := range p.SafePaths() {
 		if rel, err := filepath.Rel(safePath, path); err == nil {
 			if filepath.IsLocal(rel) {
 				return true
@@ -100,6 +99,23 @@ func (p *path) IsSafePath(path string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (p *path) SafePaths() []string {
+	return append([]string{p.homeDir}, p.safePaths...) // add homedir to safePaths
+}
+
+func (p *path) ErrNotSafePath(path string) error {
+	return ErrNotSafePath{Path: path, SafePaths: p.SafePaths()}
+}
+
+type ErrNotSafePath struct {
+	Path      string
+	SafePaths []string
+}
+
+func (e ErrNotSafePath) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("path is not subpath of home directory or SAFE_PATHS: %s \n allowed paths: %s", e.Path, e.SafePaths)
+}
+
 func (p *path) GetPathByHash(prefix, name string) string {
 	hash := utils.MakeHash([]byte(name))
 	filename := hash.String()
diff --git a/hub/route/configs.go b/hub/route/configs.go
index c43d3ef97..c387c9498 100644
--- a/hub/route/configs.go
+++ b/hub/route/configs.go
@@ -371,12 +371,20 @@ func updateConfigs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			return
 		}
 	} else {
-		if req.Path == "" {
+		if req.Path == "" { // default path unneeded any safe check
 			req.Path = C.Path.Config()
-		} else if !filepath.IsAbs(req.Path) {
-			render.Status(r, http.StatusBadRequest)
-			render.JSON(w, r, newError("path is not a absolute path"))
-			return
+		} else {
+			if !filepath.IsAbs(req.Path) {
+				render.Status(r, http.StatusBadRequest)
+				render.JSON(w, r, newError("path is not a absolute path"))
+				return
+			}
+
+			if !C.Path.IsSafePath(req.Path) {
+				render.Status(r, http.StatusBadRequest)
+				render.JSON(w, r, newError(C.Path.ErrNotSafePath(req.Path).Error()))
+				return
+			}
 		}
 
 		cfg, err = executor.ParseWithPath(req.Path)
diff --git a/rules/provider/parse.go b/rules/provider/parse.go
index 4683aa386..5fa98dc7c 100644
--- a/rules/provider/parse.go
+++ b/rules/provider/parse.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package provider
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
@@ -12,10 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/metacubex/mihomo/rules/common"
 )
 
-var (
-	errSubPath = errors.New("path is not subpath of home directory")
-)
-
 type ruleProviderSchema struct {
 	Type      string   `provider:"type"`
 	Behavior  string   `provider:"behavior"`
@@ -53,7 +48,7 @@ func ParseRuleProvider(name string, mapping map[string]any, parse common.ParseRu
 		if schema.Path != "" {
 			path = C.Path.Resolve(schema.Path)
 			if !C.Path.IsSafePath(path) {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errSubPath, path)
+				return nil, C.Path.ErrNotSafePath(path)
 			}
 		}
 		vehicle = resource.NewHTTPVehicle(schema.URL, path, schema.Proxy, nil, resource.DefaultHttpTimeout, schema.SizeLimit)